Los modelos atómicos desde la perspectiva de la historia y filosofía de la ciencia: Un análisis de la imagen reflejada por los textos de química de bachillerato
Resumen
Palabras clave: historia y filosofía de la ciencia; positivismo; modelos atómicos; textos de química general.
ATOMIC MODELS BASED ON A HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGE REFLECTED BY HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY TEXTBOOKS
ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown that the interpretation, given by the university textbooks of General Chemistry’ about the development of science, contradicts historical events. The main objective of this study is to analyze the degree to which the image presented by high school chemistry textbooks about the evolution of atomic models coincides with the present perspective of history and philosophy of science. For this 27 high school chemistry textbooks (16 of 9th grade and 11 of first year science) were analyzed. A series of rational criteria (Niaz, 1998), that reflect the present perspective of history and philosophy of science were used to evaluate qualitatively, textbooks’ presentation of atomic models of Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Results obtained confirm previous studies, that is, the textbooks analyzed highlight experimental details and the scientific method as the most important means for elaborating scientific theories. In conclusion, most of the textbooks ignore the contribution of recent investigations in science education and use history of science within a positivist perspective. The study has important implications for curriculum reform, elaboration of up-to-date chemistry textbooks and the development of significant teaching strategies for students and teachers.
Key words: history and philosophy of science; positivism; atomic models; general chemistry textbooks.
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